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What cells secrete cartilage matrix?
Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of collagenous extracellular matrix, abundant ground substance that is rich in proteoglycan and elastin fibers.
What secretes the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
As chondroblasts secrete matrix, some cells become surrounded by matrix (no longer at boundary). Chondroblasts that become embedded within cartilage differentiate into chondrocytes. Secretion of matrix by chondroblasts increases cartilage size through addition of material to edges of tissue.
Where is the substance that makes up the cartilage matrix secreted?
Composition: Cells: Chondrocytes and the precusor forms of chondrocytes known as chondroblasts are the only cells found in cartilage. Chondrocytes make up “cell nests,” groups of chondrocytes within lacunae. Chondroblasts are responsible for the secretion and maintenance of the matrix.
What maintains cartilage matrix?
Chondrocytes in the AC proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix to maintain and sustain the cartilage. The cells themselves are separated from each other by cartilage matrix [2]. They respond to outside stimuli and tissue damage, and are also responsible for degenerative conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA).
How is cartilage matrix formed?
2.1. Cartilaginous anlagen are formed through condensation of mesenchymal cells that differentiate into chondrocytes and secrete cartilage extracellular matrix components (Hall and Miyake, 2000).
What is cartilage matrix function?
The mineralized cartilage matrix serves as a scaffold for the deposition of bone, following vascular invasion, and is subsequently removed (resorbed) by large cells, chondroclasts, which are morphologically similar to the bone-resorbing cells, the osteoclasts.
What is hyaline matrix?
Hyaline cartilage matrix is primarily made of type II collagen and chondroitin sulphate, both of which are also found in elastic cartilage. Hyaline cartilage exists on the sternal ends of the ribs, in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and on the articulating surfaces of bones.
Where can fibrocartilage be found?
intervertebral disks
characteristics. Fibrocartilage is the tough, very strong tissue found predominantly in the intervertebral disks and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons; it is similar to other fibrous tissues but contains cartilage ground substance and chondrocytes.
What makes up articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and is 2 to 4 mm thick. Unlike most tissues, articular cartilage does not have blood vessels, nerves, or lymphatics. It is composed of a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialized cells called chondrocytes.
What kind of cells secrete the cartilage matrix?
The matrix of the cartilage is secreted by the immature type of cells called chondroblasts. When this matrix surrounds the chondroblasts, the cells become chondrocytes. So, the correct answer is ‘Chondroblasts’.
How is the cartilage matrix divided into compartments?
The matrix is divided into theoretical compartments relative to the cells (chondrocytes): pericellular, territorial, and interterritorial. There are also four successive zones beginning at the articular surface that differ in terms of matrix composition, water concentration, collagen fibril orientation,…
What kind of mRNA is found in cartilage?
Nguyen et al. (1992) found an abundant amount of MMP-3 mRNA in normal adult cartilage, but a low level in the neonate, suggesting that normal adult cartilage produces a significant amount of proMMP-3. Wolfe et al. (1993), on the other hand, reported that the mRNA level for MMP-3 is elevated in arthritic cartilage but not MMP-1 mRNA.