Which pathway produces both ATP and NADPH?

Which pathway produces both ATP and NADPH?

The passage of electrons through photosystems I and II thus generates both ATP and NADPH, which are used by the Calvin cycle enzymes in the chloroplast stroma to convert CO2 to carbohydrates (see Figure 2.39).

How NADPH and ATP are created in the light dependent reactions?

Then, the energy carriers from the light-dependent reactions make their contribution. ATP and NADPH give each 3-phosphoglycerate a hydrogen atom, creating two molecules of the simple sugar G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)….

Where are the ATP and NADPH produced from the light dependent reactions located?

chloroplasts
The two are linked together and controlled by enzymes. The light-dependent reaction is a photochemical reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is transformed into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

What are ATP and NADPH used for in the light independent reactions?

ATP and NADPH are used to convert the six molecules of 3-PGA into six molecules of a chemical called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). That is a reduction reaction because it involves the gain of electrons by 3-PGA.

In which glucose catabolic pathway NADPH is produced?

The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt and the HMP Shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. It generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides.

What is glycolytic pathway?

Glycolysis refers to a metabolic pathway by which organisms extract energy in the form of ATP during the conversion of glucose into pyruvate and lactate. Glycolysis is subject to feedback inhibition by its end product ATP at the levels of phosphofructokinase-1 and pyruvate kinase.

How ATP and NADPH are synthesized in chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria produces both ATP and NADPH directly by a two-step process called noncyclic photophosphorylation. Because two photosystems—called photosystems I and II—are used in series to energize an electron, the electron can be transferred all the way from water to NADPH.

Where does the NADPH created during the light reactions accumulate?

NADPH is formed on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane, so it is released into the stroma. In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH.

How is ATP used in light-independent reactions?

Where are the light dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

This chemical energy will be used by the Calvin cycle to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules. The light-dependent reactions begin in a grouping of pigment molecules and proteins called a photosystem. Photosystems exist in the membranes of thylakoids.

How is ATP produced in the mitochondrion in photosynthesis?

This same protein generated ATP from ADP in the mitochondrion. The energy generated by the hydrogen ion stream allows ATP synthase to attach a third phosphate to ADP, which forms a molecule of ATP in a process called photophosphorylation.

How are light dependent reactions used in the Calvin cycle?

How Light-Dependent Reactions Work. The overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy will be used by the Calvin cycle to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.

Where does energy absorbed by sunlight go in photosynthesis?

This electron transport system uses the energy from the electron to pump hydrogen ions into the interior of the thylakoid. A pigment molecule in photosystem I accepts the electron. In the light-dependent reactions, energy absorbed by sunlight is stored by two types of energy-carrier molecules: ATP and NADPH.