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What process ensures the accuracy of DNA and mRNA codes?
The process of constructing an mRNA molecule from DNA is known as transcription. The base pairing rules ensure that the DNA code is conserved in the sequence in the mRNA.
How are mRNA and DNA alike?
How are DNA and mRNA alike? They are both nucleic acids because they are both made of nucleotides. They both use A,C, and G as their bases. mRNA is a copy of DNA, so it’s complementary to it.
Which is the process of DNA coding to mRNA?
The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription.
How often are mistakes made in DNA translation?
Nonetheless, these enzymes do make mistakes at a rate of about 1 per every 100,000 nucleotides. That might not seem like much, until you consider how much DNA a cell has. In humans, with our 6 billion base pairs in each diploid cell, that would amount to about 120,000 mistakes every time a cell divides!
How do we ensure accuracy in DNA replication?
The cell has multiple mechanisms to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication. The first mechanism is the use of a faithful polymerase enzyme that can accurately copy long stretches of DNA. The second mechanism would be for the polymerase to catch its own mistakes and correct them.
How does the model of DNA structure explain the accuracy of DNA replication?
DNA Structure The nucleotides of two DNA strands bind to each other to form the familiar double helix structure. The base pairing rules require that A only bind with T and C only bind with G. The cell must obey these pairing rules during replication to maintain accuracy and avoid mutations.
How do DNA and RNA differ?
There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
Why the accuracy of RNA transcription is not as critical as the accuracy of DNA replication?
By contrast, only one base pair error remains for every ten billion base pairs during DNA replication. Explain why the accuracy of RNA transcription is not as critical as the accuracy of DNA replication. RNA is a temporary copy of the genetic code, therefore errors in RNA do not have lasting effect.
Why is it bad if there is a mistake when transcribing DNA into mRNA?
What happens if there is a mistake (mutation) in the DNA code? Possibly proteins won’t be made or are made improperly. If the mutations occur in the gametes, the offspring’s DNA will be affected positively, negatively, or neutrally.
How are mRNA codons shown in a DNA template?
The mRNA codons are now shown as white text only, complementing the anti-codons of the DNA template strand. These are displayed from left to right, namely, in the direction in which the mRNA would be synthesized (5′ to 3′ for the mRNA) antiparallel to the DNA coding strand.
How is messenger RNA similar to a DNA template?
As shown schematically above, messenger RNA is synthesized complementary and antiparallel to the template strand (anticodons) of DNA, so the resulting mRNA consists of codons corresponding to those in the coding strand of DNA.
Which is part of DNA codes for a protein?
Gene = a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin tone, eye color, etc); a gene is a stretch of DNA. There is a gene for every protein your body has to make.
Which is the first codon of the RNA sequence?
1 One codon: Met, Trp. 2 Two codons: Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Lys, Phe, Tyr, 3 Three codons: Ile, STOP (“nonsense”). 4 Four codons: Ala, Gly, Pro, Thr, Val. 5 Five codons: none. 6 Six codons: Arg, Leu, Ser.